Whole number arithmetic

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Whole number arithmetic APPENDIX

MULTIPLICATION

What if you wanted to add 5 to itself 3 times?
How about adding 4 to itself 4 times?

This is the concept of multiplication. In multiplication we have a group with a specific size, and we have a certain number of these groups. The answer to a multiplication problem is the total number of objects in all of the groups. This answer to a multiplication problem is known as the product.

In the first problem we wanted to add 5 to itself 3 times. We can think of this as having a group of 5 circles. Now we have three of these groups. Altogether we have 15 circles. This is illustrated for you in the following digram

O O O O O
Group 1

O O O O O
Group 2

O O O O O
Group 3

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

This question is written as "5x3" (five multiplied by 3). The problem together with its solution is written as "5 x 3 = 15."

Here is another example of multiplication

In the second question that I posed above I wanted to add 4 to itself 4 times. We can think of this as having a group of 4 circles. Now we have four of these groups. Altogether we have 16 circles. This is illustrated for you in the following digram

O O O O
Group 1

O O O O
Group 2

O O O O
Group 3

O O O O
Group 4

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

This question is written as "4x4" (four multiplied by four). The problem together with its solution is written as "4 x 4 = 16."

Rather than count every time you want to multiply any single digit numbers, we have rules specifying the products of any two single digit numbers. You will find all of these rules in the muultiplication table.

Below you'll find what is commonly refered to as the multiplication table.
Study it!
Drill yourself on it.
Quiz yourself with flash cards that you either buy or make yourself.
Commit it to memory.

0x0=0	Ox1=0	0x2=0	0x3=0	0x4=0	0x5=0	0x6=0	0x7=0	0x8=0	0x9=0	0x10=0
1x0=0	1x1=1	1x2=2	1x3=3	1x4=4	1x5=5	1x6=6	1x7=7	1x8=8	1x9=9	1x10=10
2x0=0	2x1=2	2x2=4	2x3=6	2x4=8	2x5=10	2x6=12	2x7=14	2x8=16	2x9=18	2x10=20
3x0=0	3x1=3	3x2=6	3x3=9	3x4=12	3x5=15	3x6=18	3x7=21	3x8=24	3x9=27	3x10=30
4x0=0	4x1=4	4x2=8	4x3=12	4x4=16	4x5=20	4x6=24	4x7=28	4x8=32	4x9=36	4x10=40
5x0=0	5x1=5	5x2=10	5x3=15	5x4=20	5x5=25	5x6=30	5x7=35	5x8=40	5x9=45	5x10=50
6x0=0	6x1=6	6x2=12	6x3=18	6x4=24	6x5=30	6x6=36	6x7=42	6x8=48	6x9=54	6x10=60
7x0=0	7x1=7	7x2=14	7x3=21	7x4=28	7x5=35	7x6=42	7x7=49	7x8=56	7x9=63	7x10=70
8x0=0	8x1=8	8x2=16	8x3=24	8x4=32	8x5=40	8x6=48	8x7=56	8x8=64	8x9=72	8x10=80
9x0=0	9x1=9	9x2=18	9x3=27	9x4=36	9x5=45	9x6=54	9x7=63	9x8=72	9x9=81	9x10=90
10x0=0	10x1=10	10x2=20	10x3=30	10x4=40	10x5=50	10x6=60	10x7=70	10x8=80	10x9=90	10x10=100

Now you try your hand at multiplying. Click on the "generate a problem" button to see your problem. Place your answer in the text boxt and then click the "check my answer" button. You'll be told whether or not your answer was correct.

After you finish the problem, click on the "reset" button and then click the "generate a problem" button to see another problem. Keep on generating problems until you feel confortable with multiplicattion.

Text and source code c2003 Martin Selditch